Cybercrime: The Vinnik’s case

February 13, 2025

Frédéric Bélot defended Alexander Vinnik, a Russian national subject to several international arrest warrants (United States, Russia and France), prosecuted for 14 offences related to the ‘Locky’ ransomware and the activity of the cryptocurrency trading platform (particularly bitcoins) BTC-E.
Mr Vinnik, who was prosecuted by the American, French and Russian authorities, was arrested and imprisoned in Greece in July 2017 following an American arrest warrant.
He was then extradited to France in January 2020 following a European arrest warrant, where he was placed in pre-trial detention.
Frédéric Bélot acted as Mr Vinnik’s defence counsel from the end of June 2020.
The criminal trial before the Paris Criminal Court took place from 19 to 23 October 2020.

Press release :
Bitcoin : ouverture du procès du Russe accusé d’avoir piraté la plateforme BTC-e
Dix ans de prison requis contre Alexander Vinnik, jugé pour escroquerie aux bitcoins
Au procès d’Alexander Vinnik, jugé pour escroquerie au bitcoin : « Chez nous, en Russie, ce n’est pas simple de mener des affaires »
Affaire Locky : à son procès, le Russe Vinnik dit avoir été extradé «comme un trophée militaire»
Alexander Vinnik, accusé d’être derrière le rançongiciel Locky, devant la justice française
Bitcoins : épilogue judiciaire pour Alexander Vinnik, soupçonné d’être derrière le rançongiciel Locky
Procés Vinnik : Locky, un bien mauvais souvenir
Alexandre Vinnik, emprisonné depuis sept mois en France où il est accusé d’escroqueries au bitcoin, sera-t-il condamné?
Le Russe Alexandre Vinnik, soupçonné d’escroquerie au Bitcoin, reste en détention en attendant son procès – vidéo
A Paris, le procès du citoyen russe Alexander Vinnik soupçonné de cybercrimes reprend

Appeal before the Paris Court of Appeal

Mr Alexander Vinnik, through his attorney, Mr Frédéric Bélot, appealed against the decision handed down by the Paris Criminal Court in December 2020 before the Paris Court of Appeal, which confirmed the Criminal Court’s decision.

Mr Vinnik then appealed to the Court of Cassation and his attorney, Frédéric Bélot, filed a Priority Preliminary Ruling on Constitutionality before the Constitutional Council. On 18 February 2022, the Court of Cassation (Criminal Division, judgment no. 314 of 15 February 2022) referred a priority preliminary ruling on constitutionality to the Constitutional Council, in accordance with the conditions set out in Article 61-1 of the Constitution.

After the Court of Cassation upheld the decision of the Paris Court of Appeal, his lawyer, Frédéric Bélot, appealed to the European Court of Human Rights.
Having served his sentence in France, Mr Vinnik was handed over to Greece and then extradited to the United States, which had issued an international arrest warrant for him.
After several attempts by his lawyer, Frédéric Bélot, to have him included in a prisoner exchange between the United States and Russia, https://www.wsj.com/articles/brittney-griner-appeal-prisoner-trade-update-11666623534 Mr Vinnik was finally exchanged on 13 February 2025 for Mr Marc Fogel, who was being held in Russia.

The international press commented on this swap.

https://www.franceinfo.fr/monde/russie/le-hacker-alexander-vinnik-libere-en-echange-de-l-americain-marc-fogel-a-ete-remis-a-la-russie_7074120.html

https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/12/europe/russia-citizen-exchange-marc-fogel-intl/index.html

https://www.wsj.com/world/russian-bitcoin-exchange-co-founder-to-be-freed-by-the-u-s-after-americans-release-3f5fe066?st=T5i7oJ&reflink=desktopwebshare_permalink

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/02/12/alexander-vinnik-crypto-marc-fogel-exchange/

https://www.livemint.com/news/world/two-russians-who-didn-t-make-it-into-the-historic-prisoner-swap-face-uncertain-future-11723036755612.html

https://www.gate.com/tr/news/detail/9240226

https://www.blocmates.com/news-posts/us-russia-prisoner-exchange-trump-releases-btc-e-co-founder-vinnik

https://www.binance.com/en/square/post/20294272319162

https://ca.news.yahoo.com/kremlin-embarrasses-trump-truth-u-162654096.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAACQjjG5qcjIsCi2Q3Qy3DJ38f4T5KUElk6w1Hoz1wMPOMqtsS-YuJt1wHCg2GNVjLkAtVqMfywo0aJHL_h_VIFeHiGCl_mHlq3OiHar-jgHVSiFOBGXlvtEmJdApT95XI41yTBMnQXIHcL3pONyY0R2nSRRe5UY-y9Im_ljOw757

Les États-Unis libèrent le co-fondateur de la bourse de bitcoins russe Alexander Vinnik dans le cadre d’un accord avec Moscou

https://fortune.com/crypto/2025/02/13/who-is-alexander-vinnik-bitcoin-criminal-trump-freed-exchange-russia/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy08z28wpvdo

US releases Russian cybercrime suspect in prisoner swap

https://apnews.com/article/russia-us-prisoner-swap-fogel-vinnik-99c8ba8ab8ac31dc017148c7a94f9685

https://www.wral.com/lawyer-for-russian-accused-of-money-laundering-asks-for-client-to-be-included-in-us-russia-prisoner-swap-negotiations/20450941/

https://tass.com/world/1912409https://news.bitcoin.com/us-may-consider-alexander-vinnik-for-prisoner-exchange-with-russia-lawyer-says/

https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/san-francisco-crypto-case-gets-another-jolt-of-international-intrigue/article_3e4c64e4-2e37-11ed-8231-5f4c782cb10a.html

BTC-e Operator Alexander Vinnik Files for Release on Bail Due to Trial Delay

https://cryptonews.net/news/legal/21040881/

https://crypto.news/alexander-vinniks-lawyer-proposes-prisoner-swap-deal/

https://www.pressreader.com/india/mint-mumbai/20250214/281938843632374

https://www.scworld.com/brief/us-releases-btc-e-operator-in-prisoner-exchange-with-russia

https://tass.com/world/1912431

https://www.reuters.com/world/plane-carrying-alexander-vinnik-released-by-us-prisoner-swap-arrives-moscow-2025-02-13/

https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/russian-national-and-bitcoin-exchange-charged-21-count-indictment-operating-alleged

https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/pour-liberer-lenseignant-marc-fogel-donald-trump-laisse-repartir-en-russie-le-cybercriminel-alexander-vinnik-406312.htm